Timeline of historic inventions - 20th century
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The timeline of historic inventions is a chronological list of particularly important or significant technological inventions.
Note: Dates for inventions are often controversial. Inventions are often invented by several inventors around the same time, or may be invented in an impractical form many years before another inventor improves the invention into a more practical form. Where there is ambiguity, the date of the first known working version of the invention is used here.
20th century
1900s
- 1900: Epinephrine (adrenaline): Jokichi Takamine & Keizo Uenaka
- 1900: Rigid dirigible airship: Ferdinand Graf von Zeppelin
- 1900: Self-heating can
- 1901: Mercury vapor lamp: Peter C. Hewitt
- 1901: Disposable razor blade: King C. Gillette
- 1901: Vacuum cleaner: Hubert Booth
- 1901: Gauge blocks: Carl Edvard Johansson
- 1902: Ostwald process: Wilhelm Ostwald
- 1902: Air Conditioner: Willis Carrier [8]
- 1902: Neon lamp: Georges Claude
- 1902: Radio telephone: Valdemar Poulsen, Reginald Fessenden
- 1902: Rayon cellulose ester: Arthur D. Little
- 1903: Electrocardiograph (EKG): Willem Einthoven
- 1903: Powered, controlled airplane: Wilbur Wright and Orville Wright
- 1904: Thermionic valve: John Ambrose Fleming
- 1904: Tractor: Benjamin Holt
- 1905: Radio tube diode: John Ambrose Fleming
- 1906: Sonar (first device): Lewis Nixon
- 1906: Triode amplifier: Lee DeForest
- 1907: Helicopter: Paul Cornu
- 1907: Monosodium glutamate: Kikunae Ikeda[263]
- 1907: Radio tube triode: Lee DeForest
- 1907: Washing machine, (electric): Alva Fisher (Hurley Corporation)
- 1908: Cellophane: Jacques E. Brandenberger
- 1908: Geiger counter: Hans Geiger and Ernest Rutherford
- 1908: Gyrocompass: Hermann Anschütz-Kaempfe
- 1908: Haber process: Fritz Haber
- 1908: Umami: Kikunae Ikeda[264]
- 1909: Bakelite: Leo Baekeland
- 1909: Gun suppressor: Hiram Percy Maxim
- Microwave optics: Jagdish Chandra Bose in Bengal
- Crescograph: Jagdish Chandra Bose in Bengal[265]
1910s
- 1910: Aberic acid: Umetaro Suzuki
- 1910: Thiamine (Vitamin B1): Umetaro Suzuki[266]
- 1910: Vitamin (B vitamin): Umetaro Suzuki
- 1910: Braces on teeth: Joseph Clide
- 1910: Neon lighting: Georges Claude
- 1910: Thermojet engine: Henri Coandă
- 1911: Gyrocompass: Elmer A. Sperry
- 1911: Automobile self starter (perfected): Charles F. Kettering
- 1911: Hydroplane: Glenn Curtiss
- 1913: Bra: Mary Phelps Jacob
- 1913: Crossword: Arthur Wynne
- 1913: Parachute: Štefan Banič
- 1913: Radio receiver: Ernst Alexanderson, Reginald Fessenden
- 1913: Stainless steel: Harry Brearley
- 1913: X-Ray (coolidge tube): William D. Coolidge[267]
- 1914: Radio transmitter triode mod.: Ernst Alexanderson
- 1914: Liquid fuel rocket: Robert Goddard
- 1914: Tank, military: Sir William Ashbee Tritton and Major Walter Gordon Wilson[268]
- 1915: Tungsten Filament: Irving Langmuir
- 1915: Pyrex: Corning Inc.
- 1916: Browning Gun: John Browning
- 1916: Cultured pearl: Mikimoto Kōkichi
- 1916: Thompson submachine gun: John T. Thompson
- 1917: Sonar echolocation: Paul Langevin
- 1917: Cruise missile: Charles Kettering
- 1918: Interrupter gear: Anton Fokker
- 1918: Radio crystal oscillator: A.M. Nicolson
- 1919: Flip-flop circuit: William Eccles and F. W. Jordan
- 1919: Theremin: Leon Theremin
1920s
- 1920: Saha ionization equation: Meghnad Saha[269]
- 1921: Polygraph: John A. Larson
- 1922: Radar: Robert Watson-Watt, A. H. Taylor, L. C. Young, Gregory Breit, Merle Antony Tuve
- 1922: The absorption refrigerator: Baltzar von Platen
- 1923: Sound film: Lee DeForest
- 1923: Television Electronic: Philo Farnsworth
- 1923: Wind tunnel: Michael Max Munk
- 1923: Autogyro: Juan de la Cierva
- 1923: Xenon flash lamp: Harold Edgerton
- 1924: Automatic power loom: Sakichi Toyoda[270]
- 1924: Autonomation: Sakichi Toyoda[270]
- 1924: Autonomous automation: Sakichi Toyoda[270]
- 1925: Ultra-centrifuge: Theodor Svedberg - used to determine molecular weights
- 1925: Television Nipkow System: C. Francis Jenkins
- 1926: Television Mechanical Scanner: John Logie Baird
- 1926: Aerosol spray: Rotheim
- 1926: Yagi antenna: Hidetsugu Yagi & Shintaro Uda
- 1926: Directional antenna: Hidetsugu Yagi & Shintaro Uda
- 1926: High-gain antenna: Hidetsugu Yagi & Shintaro Uda
- 1927: Mechanical cotton picker: John Rust
- 1928: Sliced bread: Otto Frederick Rohwedder
- 1928: Electric dry shaver: Jacob Schick
- 1928: Antibiotics: Alexander Fleming (initial discovery of penicillin)
- 1928: Preselector gearbox: Walter Gordon Wilson
- 1928: Raman effect: Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman[271]
- 1928: Magnetic interference balance: Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar & K. N. Mathur[272]
- 1929: Electroencephelograph (EEG): Hans Berger
- 1929: Kinescope (CRT):Vladimir Zworykin
- Band aid: Earle Dickson
- Man-made Insulin: Paul Langerhans
- Mechanical potato peeler: Herman Lay
- Phototelegraphic transmission: Yasujiro Niwa
- Mechanical television: Yasujiro Niwa
1930s
- 1930: Neoprene: Wallace Carothers
- 1931: Magnetic-resistant steel: Kotaro Honda
- 1931: Magnetic steel: Kotaro Honda
- 1931: Alnico: Tokuhichi Mishima
- 1931: MKM steel: Tokuhichi Mishima
- 1931: Radio telescope: Karl Jansky Grote Reber
- 1931: Iconoscope: Vladimir Zworykin
- 1934: Hammond Organ: Laurens Hammond
- 1935: Microwave RADAR: Robert Watson-Watt
- 1935: Nylon: Wallace Carothers
- 1935: Spectrophotometer: Arthur C. Hardy
- 1935: Casein fiber: Earl Whittier Stephen
- 1937: Turboprop engine: György Jendrassik
- 1937: Jet engine: Frank Whittle and Hans von Ohain
- 1937: O-ring: Niels Christensen
- 1937: Nylon: Wallace H. Carothers[8]
- 1937: Portable electrocardiograph: Taro Takemi
- 1937: Atanasoff–Berry Computer, the first automatic electronic digital computer: John Vincent Atanasoff
- 1938: Ballpoint pen: Laszlo Biro
- 1938: xerography: Chester Carlson
- 1938: Fiberglass: Russell Games Slayter John H. Thomas
- 1938: LSD: Albert Hofmann
- 1939: Helicopter: Igor Sikorsky
- 1939: View-master: William Gruber
- 1939: Automated teller machine: Luther George Simjian
- 1939: Vectorcardiography: Taro Takemi
- Nuclear medicine: Frederic Joliot-Curie, Irene Joliot-Curie, Taro Takemi
1940s
- 1940: p-n junction: Russell Ohl[273]
- 1941: Computer: Konrad Zuse
- 1941: Velcro: George de Mestral
- 1942: Bazooka Rocket Gun: Leslie A. Skinner C. N. Hickman
- 1942: Nuclear reactor: Enrico Fermi[8]
- 1942: Undersea oil pipeline: Hartley, Anglo-Iranian, Siemens in Operation Pluto
- 1943: Aqua-Lung: Jacques-Yves Cousteau and Emile Gagnan
- 1944: Electron spectrometer: Deutsch Elliot Evans
- 1945: Slinky: Richard James and Betty James
- 1945: Microwave oven: Percy L. Spencer[8]
- 1945: Nuclear weapons (note: chain reaction theory was made in 1933):Manhattan Project
- 1946: Microwave oven: Percy Spencer
- 1946: Mobile Telephone Service: AT&T and Southwestern Bell
- 1946: Bikini: Louis Réard[8]
- 1947: Pocket calculator (four-function, mechanical): Curt Herzstark[274][275]
- 1947: Transistor: William Shockley, Walter Brattain, John Bardeen
- 1947: Polaroid camera: Edwin Land
- 1948: Long Playing Record: Peter Carl Goldmark
- 1948: Holography: Dennis Gabor[8]
- 1949: Atomic clocks
- 1949: Radiocarbon dating: Willard Libby
- 1949: Kei car in Japan
- Electric rice cooker: Mitsubishi Electric
1950s
- 1950: Credit card: Frank X. McNamara
- 1950: Steadicam tracking shot: Akira Kurosawa
- 1951: Combined oral contraceptive pill: Djerassi, Miramontes, and Rosenkranz [276]
- 1951: Liquid Paper: Bette Nesmith Graham
- 1951: Nuclear power reactor: Walter Zinn
- 1952: Floppy disk: Yoshiro Nakamatsu[277]
- 1952: Optical fiber: Narinder Singh Kapany[278][279]
- 1952: Fusion bomb: Edward Teller and Stanislaw Ulam
- 1952: Hovercraft: Christopher Cockerell
- 1953: MASER: Charles Townes
- 1953: Medical ultrasonography
- 1954: Radar gun: Bryce K. Brown
- 1954: Synthetic diamond: Tracy Hall
- 1954: Geodesic dome: Buckminster Fuller
- 1955: Hard Drive: Reynold Johnson with IBM
- 1955: Video phone: Gregorio Y. Zara in the Philippines
- 1955: Bounce lighting: Subrata Mitra[280][281]
- 1956: Digital clock
- 1956: Videotape recorder: Ampex
- 1957: Electric compact calculator: Casio
- 1957: Jet Boat: William Hamilton
- 1958: Integrated circuit: Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments, Robert Noyce at Fairchild Semiconductor
- 1958: Communications satellite: Kenneth Masterman-Smith
- 1958: Implantable pacemaker: Rune Elmqvist
- 1959: Bullet train: Kawasaki Heavy Industries
- Dedicated high-speed rail lines in Japan
- High-speed railway: Shinkansen in Japan
1960s
- 1960: Laser: Theodore Harold Maiman
- 1961: Optical disc: David Paul Gregg
- 1961: Cochlear implant: William House
- 1961: Human spaceflight: Yuri Gagarin, Sergey Korolyov, Kerim Kerimov[282]
- 1961: Thin-film transistor: P. K. Weimer[283]
- 1962: Light-emitting diode (LED): Nick Holonyak
- 1962: Space observatory: Ball Brothers Aerospace Corporation [3]
- 1963: Computer mouse: Douglas Engelbart
- 1964: Solid-state electronic calculator: Friden, Inc.[284]
- 1967: Space dock: Kerim Kerimov[282][285]
- 1967: Automatic Teller Machine: John Shepherd-Barron
- 1967: Bullet Time: Tatsunoko Production
- 1967: Hypertext: Andries van Dam and Ted Nelson
- 1967: Quartz wristwatch: Seiko[286]
- 1968: Video game console: Ralph H. Baer
- 1969: ARPANET (first wide-area packet switching network): United States Department of Defense[8]
- 1969: Digital Photography, charge coupled device Willard Boyle and George E. Smith[287]
- 1969: Video cassette: Sony
- Aperture grille: Sony
- Packet switching: Paul Baran and Donald Davies, independently
1970s
- 1970: Pocket calculator: Sanyo, Canon, Sharp
- 1970: Relational database management system: Edgar F. Codd
- 1970: Cup noodles: Nissin Foods
- 1971: Instant noodles: Momofuku Ando
- 1971: Space station: Kerim Kerimov[282][285]
- 1971: E-mail: Ray Tomlinson[288]
- 1971: Karaoke: Daisuke Inoue
- 1971: Liquid Crystal Display: James Fergason
- 1971: Microprocessor: Masatoshi Shima, Federico Faggin, Ted Hoff
- 1971: Pocket calculator: Sharp Corporation
- 1971: Magnetic resonance imaging: Raymond V. Damadian
- 1971: Oil-eating bacteria: Ananda Mohan Chakrabarty
- 1971: Videocassette recorder: Sony
- 1972: Computed tomography: Godfrey Newbold Hounsfield
- 1973: Hybrid rice in China[289]
- 1973: Ethernet: Bob Metcalfe and David Boggs
- 1973: Genetically modified organism: Stanley Norman Cohen and Herbert Boyer
- 1973: Personal computer: Xerox PARC
- 1974: Microfinance: Muhammad Yunus
- 1974: Rubik's Cube: Ernő Rubik
- 1974: Hybrid vehicle: Victor Wouk [4]
- 1975: DNA sequencing by chain termination Frederick Sanger
- 1975: Digital camera: Steven Sasson
- 1976: Gore-Tex fabric: W. L. Gore
- 1976: Perpendicular recording: Shun-ichi Iwasaki at Tohoku University
- 1976: Polyphony: Yamaha
- 1977: Personal stereo: Andreas Pavel
- 1977: Mobile phone: Bell Labs [5]
- 1978: Credit-card-sized calculator: Casio
- 1978: Solar-powered calculator: Sharp
- 1978: Spreadsheet: Dan Bricklin
- 1979: Walkman: Sony
- Digital audio: Denon
1980s
- 1980: Compact Disc: Sony Corp, Philips Electronics[8]
- 1980: Flash memory: Fujio Masuoka[290][291]
- 1981: Handheld electronic camera: Sony
- 1981: Scanning tunneling microscope: Gerd Karl Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer
- 1981: Video Floppy: Sony
- 1982: Compact Disc player: Sony[292]
- 1982: Insulated gate bipolar transistor: Hans Becke and Carl Wheatley RCA
- 1982: ACE inhibitor: John R. Vane
- 1982: Artificial heart: Robert Jarvik, incorporating modifications to earlier experimental designs
- 1982: Camcorder: Sony
- 1982: D-pad: Gunpei Yokoi
- 1982 (date of first marketing): Pocket television: Sony[293]
- 1982: Flat panel display: Sony
- 1982: Parallax scrolling: Irem[294]
- 1983: Personal digital assistant: Casio
- 1983: Internet: first TCP/IP network by Robert E. Kahn, Vint Cerf and others
- 1983: Color LCD television: Seiko[295][296]
- 1984: Digital synthesizer: Yamaha
- 1984: Portable CD player: Sony
- 1984: Phase distortion synthesis: Casio
- 1984: Lithotripsy: Claude Dornier
- 1985: Graphing calculator: Casio
- 1985: Polymerase chain reaction: Kary Mullis
- 1985: DNA fingerprinting: Alec Jeffreys
- 1987: Statin, cholesterol drug: Carl Hoffman
- 1987: Digital Light Processing: Dr. Larry Hornbeck, Texas Instruments
- 1987: Electronically-controlled continuously variable transmission: Subaru
- 1988: Digital camera: Fuji
- 1989: Blue laser: Isamu Akasaki
- 1989: Digital waveguide synthesis: Yamaha, Stanford University
- 1989: Sildenafil (Viagra): Pfizer[297]
- Digital Audio Tape: Sony
- PCM adaptor: Sony
- Vowel-Consonant synthesis: Casio
1990s
- 1990: World Wide Web: Tim Berners-Lee[8][298]
- 1991: Memory card: Japan Electronic Industries Development Association
- 1992: Plasma colour display: Fujitsu
- 1993: Global Positioning System: United States Department of Defense
- 1993: Blue LED: Shuji Nakamura
- 1994: Wiki: Ward Cunningham[299]
- 1996: Force feedback: Nintendo
- 1997: Non-mechanical digital audio player: SaeHan Information Systems[300]
- 1997: Plasma television: Pioneer Corporation
- Analog modeling synthesizer: Korg
- Indium gallium nitride: Shuji Nakamura
See also
- List of inventors
- List of emerging technologies
- English inventions and discoveries
- Inventions of the Islamic Golden Age
- List of Australian inventions
- List of Chinese inventions
- List of Indian inventions and discoveries
- List of Japanese inventions
- List of Korean inventions
- List of United States inventions
- Scottish inventions and discoveries
- Welsh inventions and discoveries
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