List of pterosaurs
This list of pterosaurs is a comprehensive listing of all genera that have ever been included in the order Pterosauria, excluding purely vernacular terms. The list includes all commonly accepted genera, but also genera that are now considered invalid, doubtful (nomen dubium), or were not formally published (nomen nudum), as well as junior synonyms of more established names, and genera that are no longer considered pterosaurian. The list currently includes 153 genera.
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Scope and terminology
There is no official, canonical list of pterosaur genera, but the most thorough attempts can be found at the Pterosauria section of Mikko Haaramo's Phylogeny Archive,[1] the Genus Index at Mike Hanson's The Pterosauria,[2] supplemented by the Pterosaur Species List,[3] and in the fourth supplement of Donald F. Glut's Dinosaurs: The Encyclopedia series.[4]
Authors and Year
The authors column lists the authors of the formal description responsible for the erection of the genus listed. They are not necessarily the same as the authors of the type species as sometimes a species from one genus is determined sufficiently distinct to warrant the erection of a new genus to house it. If this is the case, only the latter authors will be listed. The year column notes the year the description was published.
Status
Naming conventions and terminology follow the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Technical terms used include:
- Junior synonym: A name which describes the same taxon as a previously published name. If two or more genera are formally designated and the type specimens are later assigned to the same genus, the first to be published (in chronological order) is the senior synonym, and all other instances are junior synonyms. Senior synonyms are generally used, except by special decision of the ICZN, but junior synonyms cannot be used again, even if deprecated. Junior synonymy is often subjective, unless the genera described were both based on the same type specimen.
- Nomen nudum (Latin for "naked name"): A name that has appeared in print but has not yet been formally published by the standards of the ICZN. Nomina nuda (the plural form) are invalid, and are therefore not italicized as a proper generic name would be. If the name is later formally published, that name is no longer a nomen nudum and will be italicized on this list. Often, the formally published name will differ from any nomina nuda that describe the same specimen.
- Preoccupied name: A name that is formally published, but which has already been used for another taxon. This second use is invalid (as are all subsequent uses) and the name must be replaced. As preoccupied names are not valid generic names, they will also go unitalicized on this list.
- Nomen dubium (Latin for "dubious name"): A name describing a fossil with no unique diagnostic features. As this can be an extremely subjective and controversial designation, this term is not used on this list.
Age
The age column denotes the epoch of geologic time to which the fossils date. The abbreviations are as follows.
- uT is Upper Triassic
- lJ is Lower Jurassic
- mJ is Middle Jurassic
- uJ is Upper Jurassic
- lK is Lower Cretaceous
- uK is Upper Cretaceous
Genera that are invalid, misidentified, or otherwise do not represent a valid pterosaur are listed as age N/A because there was never a time in which a pterosaur by that generic name actually lived.
Location and Notes
The location column designates the geographic region where remains of the relevant genus have been found. The regions used are continents except in the case of smaller landmasses (eg. Cuba). Political bodies, being non-existent in the Mesozoic are not used to indicate genera locations. Genera that are invalid, misidentified, or otherwise do not represent a valid pterosaur are listed as location N/A because there was never a place in which a pterosaur by that generic name actually lived. The notes column is a collection of annotations on the scientific significance and taxonomic history of listed genera, as well as elaborations on the information presented in other columns.
The list
Genera
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Ichnogenera
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Oogenera
Although pterosaur eggs are known, some with complete embryos, no oogenera have been erected to house them. The holotype of the oospecies Oolithes sphaericus was briefly considered by Harry Govier Seeley to be pterosaurian in origin, although this attribution was dismissed before the formal erection of that oogenus.
Related
References
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- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Hanson, Mike (12 October 2005). "Genus Index". The Pterosauria. Archosauria.org. http://www.archosauria.org/pterosauria/taxonomy/genera.html. Retrieved 29 March 2007.
- ^ Hanson, Mike (30 September 2006). "The Pterosaur Species List" (pdf). The Pterosauria. Archosauria.org. http://archosauria.org/pterosauria/taxonomy/species.pdf. Retrieved 27 July 2007.
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- ^ Kellner, A. W. A., and Campos, D. A. (2002). "The function of the cranial crest and jaws of a unique pterosaur from the early Cretaceous of Brazil." Science, 297 (5580): 389-392. (19 July 2002).
- ^ Arambourg, C. (1959). "Titanopteryx philadelphiae nov. gen., nov. sp. Ptérosaurien géant." Notes Mém. Moyen-Orient, 7: 229–234.
- ^ Kellner, A.W.A.; and Campos, D.A. (2007). "Short note on the ingroup relationships of the Tapejaridae (Pterosauria, Pterodactyloidea". Boletim do Museu Nacional 75: 1–14.
- ^ Kellner, A.W.A., and Campos, D.A. (1988). "Sobre un novo pterossauro com crista sagital da Bacia do Araripe, Cretaceo Inferior do Nordeste do Brasil. (Pterosauria, Tupuxuara, Cretaceo, Brasil)." Anais de Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 60: 459–469. [in Portuguese]
- ^ Czerkas, Stephen A.; and Mickelson, Debra L. (2002). "The first occurrence of skeletal pterosaur remains in Utah". in Czerkas, Sylvia J. (ed.). Feathered Dinosaurs and the Origin of Flight. Blanding, Utah: The Dinosaur Museum. pp. 3-13. ISBN 1-93207-501-1.
- ^ Averianov, A.O.; Arkhangelsky, M.S.; and Pervushov, E.M. (2008). "A New Late Cretaceous Azhdarchid (Pterosauria, Azhdarchidae) from the Volga Region". Paleontological Journal 42 (6): 634-642.
- ^ Bakker, R.T. (1994) Unearthing the Jurassic. In: Science Year 1995. World Book Inc.:Chicago, London, Sydney, Toronto, 76-89. ISBN 0716605953.
- ^ Lü, J., Ji, S., Yuan, C., Gao, Y., Sun, Z. and Ji, Q. 2006. New pterodactyloid pterosaur from the Lowe Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Western Liaoning, p. 195–203. In: Lü, J., Kobayashi, Y., Huang, D. and Lee, Y. (eds), Papers form the 2005 Heyuan International Dinosaur Symposium. Beijing: Geological Publishing House.
- ^ Almost new papers at the Dinosaur Mailing List describes the document in which it was named; see this page for a photograph of the type specimen
- ^ Cai, Z., and Wei, F. (1994). "On a new pterosaur (Zhejiangopterus linhaiensis gen. et sp. nov.) from Upper Cretaceous in Linhai, Zhejiang, China." Vertebrata Palasiatica, 32: 181-194.
- ^ a b c d K.-G. Hwang, et al. (2002). `New pterosaur tracks (Pteraichnidae) from the Late Cretaceous Uhangri Formation, southwestern Korea'. Geological Magazine 139(4):421-435.
- ^ J. Y. Kim, et al. (2006). `The oldest record of webbed bird and pterosaur tracks from South Korea (Cretaceous Haman Formation, Changseon and Sinsu Islands): More evidence of high avian diversity in East Asia'. Cretaceous Research 27(1):56-69.
External links
- Pterosaur FAQs, by Raymond Thaddeus C. Ancog.
- The Pterosaur Database, by Paul Pursglove.
- Mark Witton's Pterosaur Art